作者 ｜
崔末順(中正大學台灣文學研究所助理教授)
摘要 ｜
一般認為1920年代為台灣進入現代的起點。依照台灣民報系列報章雜誌的報導，當時的新知識分子普遍認為文化主義為第一次世界大戰後的世界潮流；其中，他們最為重視民族自決、男女同權、勞資協助等時代潮流，同時也接受西方啟蒙精神和現代價值，以引導一般民眾的自覺，進而進入現代國家之林。不過，以人的理性和歷史進步為核心內容的現代性，伴隨著殖民資本主義的推行，加上台灣社會封建性的殘存，在男女同權和女性解放問題上，呈現出複雜多重的壓抑狀態。
而這些狀況，在當時韓國的女性問題上，也有非常類似的發展。日據時期韓國小說所呈現的女性問題，大多來自傳統封建主義的女性差別，加上由於殖民資本主義的剝削性質所引起。當時處於社會底層的女性，在殖民者、資本階級、男性構成的社會結構中，受到民族、階級、性別的三重壓抑；而受過教育的新女性，想要在一般家庭男女有別的封建觀念，以及在不夠成熟或開放的社會中，施展理想抱負，或者探索自我、實現自我，都是一條至為艱難的道路。
本文以日據時期台灣和韓國的小說為對象，考察同在日本殖民地處境中兩國的女性問題。文章分為社會底層女性和新女性兩個方面展開討論，並從封建性和現代性的衝突、殖民資本主義帶來的價值觀等多重關係當中，探索現代初期兩國女性的處境和經驗樣態。相信這些考察對共有傳統儒家價值觀，並於現代初期同樣經歷過日本殖民統治和資本主義經驗的東亞國家，在其女性問題的了解上，可以帶來一些助益。
關鍵字 ｜
日據時期台韓文學、女性小說、新女性、社會底層女性
Title ｜
The Conflict between Feudalism and Modernism: Position of Females in Taiwanese and Korean Novels during Japanese Occupation
Author ｜
Mal-Soon Choi(National Chung Cheng University Institute of Taiwanese Literature)
Abstract ｜
It is commonly believed that the 1920s was the beginning of modernization in Taiwan. The neo intellectuals back then generally believed that culturalism is the global trend after the World War I. They gave high importance to the trends of the time such as self-determination of nations, equality of rights between men and women, and labor-management cooperation, and at the same time, accepted the enlightenment spirit and modern values from the West to guide the general public to self-awakening. However, modernism, with core content of human rationality and historical advancement, had developed complex and multiple suppressions in equality of rights between men and women and female liberation issues as colonial capitalism was practiced and compounded by the remnant of feudalism in Taiwanese society.
Female issues revealed in Korean novels during the Japanese Occupation mainly came from the female discrimination in the traditional feudalism and was worsened by the exploitative nature of colonial capitalism. Females, at the bottom of the social strata back in that time, were subject to triple suppressions of ethnic, social class, and gender in a society composed of colonialists, capitalists, and males. Educated new women would find it extremely difficult if they wished to pursue ideas and dreams, explore themselves, or realize themselves in a family system that was confined to feudalistic gender discrimination and a society that was not mature nor open enough.
This Study has chosen Taiwanese and Korean novels published during Japanese Occupation to examine the female issues in the two countries under the same situation of Japanese colonial control. This Study begins its discussion in two directions of females at the bottom social strata and the new women, and explores the situation and experience of the females at the beginning of modernization in the two countries from perspectives of multiple relations such as the conflict between feudalism and modernism and the values brought by colonial capitalism.
Keywords ｜
Taiwanese and Korean literatures during Japanese Occupation, female novels, new women, females at the bottom of the social strat