作者 ｜
呂玉瑕(中央研究院社會所)
摘要 ｜
1979年以後，中國大陸的經濟發展進入了新的階段，在農村由於鄉鎮企業的發展，人們的經濟生活與家庭生活都產生大幅度的改變。本研究藉著在華南沿海地區經濟發展模式不同的農村的比較研究來探討不同的社會經濟發展模式如何透過勞動市場及家庭組織之運作影響婦女經濟活動的參與以及工作型態，並進一步分析在不同的經濟發展模式下女性經濟活動對其家庭地位的影響。
本研究以深入訪談與問卷調查的方式搜集資料共有深入訪談個案 32戶及抽樣調查樣本200戶。此外亦藉著對當地報導人的訪問以及參考過去的文獻瞭解當地過去的社會經濟結構背景以及女性經濟角色及地位的歷史以便探討在經濟改革後女性經濟角色及家庭地位的變遷。
關鍵字 ｜
婦女就業、性別分工、家庭地位、家庭企業、鄉鎮企業、經濟發展
Title ｜
Women's work and Family Status in Economic Development: A Study of Southern-China Villages
Author ｜
Yuhsia Lu (Institute of Sociology Academia Sinica)
Abstract ｜
This study compares women’s work and their familial status between two rural areas in Southern China which have undergone different modes of economic development. The main purpose is to explore the variety of women’s economic activities during economic development and the influence of those activities on their familial status. Based on the in-depth interviews of 32 cases and a sampling survey of 200 cases, this study found that women’s work patterns are significantly different between the two modes of local economic development. Women are more likely to be involved in wage work rather than self-employed or unpaid family work in Sung-Chiang where the economic development is primarily based on government-level, collective enterprises while in Jing-Chiang, where the economic development primarily based on private family enterprises, women are more likely to be unpaid family workers for their family firms.
The findings indicate further that women’s work patterns may contribute to the significant difference of women’s familial status between the two areas. Those Sung-Chiang women who mostly work at the collective business are more likely to share the decision making at home with their husband than their counterparts in Jing-Chiang, where the traditional norms of gender roles are largely persisted. It’s possible that Sung-Chiang women’s independent income from their wang work increases their relative resources and thereby their family status. However, the findings of case analysis disclose the possibility that in spite of the persisting gender norms, those Jing-Chiang women can be empowered through their involvement in the family business assuming their responsibility under the survival strategy of the family firms.