作者 |

紀駿傑(東華大學族群關係與文化研究所)

摘要 |

 「生態女性主義」(ecofeminism)在1980年代開始興起於西方學界以來,即不斷的遭受來自生態陣營(environmentalists)與女性主義陣營的批判。前者認為生態女性主義模糊了人類對於自然壓迫的事實與焦點,後者則主要擔心生態女性主義將好不容易打出一片天下的女性主義倒推回女性本質論的泥沼。本文主要從回應一些女性主義者對於生態女性主義的1)二元論,2)本質主義傾向之批判,來說明一個具有經濟與社會文化變遷觀點的生態女性主義,其實是拒斥二元論與本質主義的。本文並討論作為試圖同時解放物種壓迫與性別壓迫的當代思潮,生態女性主義著實是使女性主義能更深刻地處理這兩種相互支持的壓迫關係的重要論述與實踐取徑。本文並以「生物時間」與「生態時間」的概念,來討論在實際生活面向上,生態女性主義對於我們觀看性別─環境議題能有什麼超越過去女性主義者所提供的觀點。

關鍵字 |

生態女性主義、性別主義、物種主義、父權體制、生物時間、生態時間

Title |

Ecofeminism: Connecting Sexism and Speciesism

Author |

Chun-Chieh Chi(Institute of Ethnic Relationals and Culture, National Dong Hwa University)

Abstract |

Since the 1980s, ecofeminism has attracted the attention and critique of both western environmentalists and feminists. To the former, ecofeminism obscures the reality of human-nature domination, while to the latter, ecofeminist thought has a tendency toward dualism and essentialism. The main purpose of this paper is first to show that the critique of ecofeminism for its tendency toward dualism and essentialism is not sustained. Secondly, this paper argues that by trying to make clear the connection between speciesism and sexism, ecofeminism can take feminism a step forward in dealing with this mutually reinforcing oppressive social system. Finally, this paper applies the concepts of biological time and ecological time to demonstrate the utility of ecofeminist thought in feminist thinking.

Keywords |

ecofeminism, sexism, sepciesism, patriarchy, biological time, ecological

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生態女性主義:連結性別壓迫與物種壓迫的女性主義觀點