作者 |

陳昭如(台灣大學法律學系副教授)

摘要 |

本文探究法律上異性戀父權與特權之間的糾葛,並主張在反對強迫異性戀婚姻的前提下,重新想像親密公民權的可能模式。婦運對於婚姻法律制度的改革倡議已獲致諸多成果,但是對抗父權法律體制的自由女性主義法律改革並未竟其功,不僅仍有殘存的差別待遇與男性特權,更在自由女性主義法學的侷限下,創造了形式平等的隱形牢籠。而且,婦運雖然削弱了婚姻作為異性戀父權機制的壓迫,但婚姻作為異性戀霸權的法律機制卻也更加被鞏固,特別是制度上的種種婚姻特權,扶助並強化了強迫婚姻,這不僅使得婚姻繼續作為性別歧視的機制,更將非異性戀者與非已婚者排除於親密公民權的制度保障之外。本文主張必須歷史化地理解異性戀父權與特權的關係,並藉由區辨不同類型的特權、以及特權與壓迫的關係,說明必須同時理解壓迫與特權,應剷除造成壓迫的特權,並擴張屬於公民社會基本構造的特權。制度改革的關鍵不是在「等者等之、不等者不等之」的形式平等模式下擴張婚姻特權,而是「不應偏袒異性戀婚姻」,「異性戀」及「已婚」不應繼續是享有平等公民身分的前提。

關鍵字 |

異性戀霸權、父權、婚姻、特權、同志伴侶關係、婦運法律改革

Title |

Marriage as Heterosexual Patriarchy and Privilege

Author |

Chao-Ju Chen(College of Law National Taiwan University)

Abstract |

This is an investigation into the entangled relationship between heterosexual privileges and heterosexual patriarchy under the law. It is argued that feminist legal reform has weakened marriage’s function as a patriarchal institution, but has simultaneously created an invisible cage. Women’s oppression in and through marriage remains. Furthermore, marriage maintains heterosexual hegemony’s authority and reinforces this authority by delivering privileges to married couples. This model of intimate citizenship operating through a “carrot and sticks” strategy perpetrates not only compulsory heterosexuality but also compulsory marriage. A reformulation of the concept and institution of intimate citizenship based on the principle of “anti-compulsory heterosexualmarriage” is necessary. To facilitate this goal, we must acquire an understanding of the relationship between heterosexual privilege and patriarchy in its historical settings, acknowledge the significance of considering oppression and privilege together, and reflect on the multiple meanings of privilege.

Keywords |

heterosexual hegemony, patriarchy, privileges, same-sex relationship, marriage, feminist legal reform

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婚姻作為法律上的異性戀父權與特權