作者 ｜
陳皎眉(國立政治大學教授)、藍采風(美國University of Indianaplois 行為科學系教授)
摘要 ｜
強姦受害者可能受到社會、生理和心理等各方面的傷害。「公正世界」的觀念提供了一般人為什麼對強姦受害者抱著負向態度的最好解釋。 Lerner(1965)認為我們都相信這是一個公正的世界，好事降臨在好的人身上，壞事只會發生在壤的人身上。如果不幸的事情發生在某人身上，那麼這個人一定是不好的。人們相信公正世界主要是因為希望相信這世界是規律的，可以預測和控制的，而不是隨機的和不可控制的。那麼，壞的事情就不會發生在我這麼好的人身上，而強姦受害者也一定是罪有應得的了。
本研究旨在瞭解個人相信「公正世界」的程度及其性別角色刻板印象對於一個與性別有關聯的受害者—即強姦受害者態度的影響。
針對260名印第安那大學生的問卷調查，結果顯示一個人愈相信公正世界的觀念，便愈會責備受害者，且愈不接受她們。另外，本研究發現男性受試者較女性受試者傾向相信公正世界的觀念。但是男性和女性都沒有很強烈的性別角色刻板印象。最後，本研究並針對Lerner公正世界的假設加以討論。
Title ｜
COLLEGE STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD RAPE VICTIMS
Author ｜
Jeaw-Mei Chen(Department of Psychology, National Cheng-Chi University)、Phylis Lan Lin(Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Indianapolis)
Abstract ｜
The impact of rape on the victims is social, physical, and psychological. The just world hypothesis provides an explanation of why victims are often blamed for their misfortunes. Lerner (1965) proposed that we all believe in a just world — good things happen to good people, while bad things only happen to bad people. If someone suffers a misfortune, the person must be bad. People believe in a just world mainly because they want to believe that the world is predictable and controllable rather than uncontrollable and random. Thus, “bad things won’t happen to a good person like me,” and therefore the victim himself or herself is responsible.
The present study was designed to investigate how one’s belief in a just world and attitudes toward sex-role stereotyping affect his/her attitude toward gender-linked victim—the rape victim.
Data were collected from 260 Indiana college and university students via a survey questionnaire. The results show that the more one believed in a just world, the more one blamed and therefore the less one accepted the victim. Male subjects tended to believe in a just world more than did female subjects. However, the study also reflected both males and females rejecting sex role stereotypes. The present study concludes with a discusson of Lerner’s just world hypothesis.
Keywords ｜
Attitude, Rape, Victim, Just World, Attribution