作者 ｜
謝世宗(清華大學台灣文學研究所)
摘要 ｜
性別研究與文學批評的結合已非新鮮事，然而文學中的妓女角色卻為研究
性別的學者提供一個便利的切入點，以探討特定時空下，由性別、情慾、國家、
階級、種族交錯而成的權力網絡。本文選擇廖輝英的妓女故事〈失去的月光〉
（1983）為討論焦點，援用馬克思／意識形態的分析，將它放置在台灣戰後國家
資本主義的發展及其衍生的矛盾中來理解。一方面，中產階級女性獲得經濟獨
立，性也脫離家庭的管制，另一方面，家庭作為經濟基本單位，仍被強調為國
家發展的基礎；在這種情況下，廖輝英筆下的職業婦女成了走鋼索的人，戰戰兢
兢地走在「走向婚姻」的鋼索上，不得有所偏離，否則就會成為墮落者（如妓
女）。廖輝英扮演了糾察者的角色，在小說中詳細列出墮落者所犯的錯誤，以作
為剛剛離開伊甸園的夏娃們的借鏡。本文第二部分則援用論述分析的方法，首先
強調小說將「妓女」建構為知識客體的權力，並指出小說與現實中關於妓女的公
共論述互相鞏固的關係。雖然妓女作為她者的聲音在小說中被壓抑，但小說本身
眾聲喧嘩的特質，在權力網絡中創造出矛盾或縫隙，而使另類的主體性可以被建
構，另類的政治空間得以開展。
關鍵字 ｜
廖輝英、妓女、國家資本主義、意識形態、論述分析
Title ｜
Fallen Eve: Liao Huiying's Discourse on Prostitution
Author ｜
Elliott S.T. Shie(Graduate Institute of Taiwanese Literature, National Tsing Hua University)
Abstract ｜
The combination of gender studies and literary criticism is nothing
new, but the role of prostitutes in literature provides a productive
perspective for investigating the intertwined network of gender, sexuality,
class, race, and the role of the family and nation. Through reading Liao
Huiying’s short story “The Lost Moonlight,” this paper first employs a
Marxist method of analysis of ideology, contextualizing the work within
the development of national capitalism and its contradictions. In the 1 0s,
middle-class women in Taiwan started to gain economic independence
and freed themselves from the regulation of family, especially in terms of
sexuality. On the other hand, family units were still taken as the foundation
of the nation’s growth, and traditional familial ethics was reinforced.
Following this ideology, working girls were walking on a wire: while
remaining independent, they were compelled to move towards marriage.
If these innocent Eves missed a step, they would become fallen women—
among those most condemned, prostitutes. Liao’s prostitute story thus
serves as a warning, policing the behavior of newly independent and
innocent Eves. The second part of this paper, based on discourse analysis,
suggests that the novel has the power of constructing reality, by reifying
the social category of prostitutes and by reinforcing popular discourses on
prostitution. Although the voices of prostitutes have been marginalized and
censored, the novel, as a genre of heteroglossia, preserves their dissonant
voices through which a new political space is opened for alternative
subjectivities.
Keywords ｜
Liao Huiying, Taiwan, prostitution, state capitalism, ideology, discourse analysis, working girls, women's ecomonic independence