作者 ｜
蕭昭君(國立花師範學院初等教育學系)
摘要 ｜
國語文科教育，是國民教育的根基。過去十五年，國內累積許多研究檢視國中小教科書中的性別意識型態，尤其是小學國語教科書內容在呈現父權文化的知識上，最為婦運人士所批判。針對職前師資培育國語文教材教法課程在性別意識型態上的反省，目前尚付之闕如。本研究企圖檢視國小師資培育國語文科教學相關的教科書，如何呈現、對待性別議題，釐清：它們在教的是誰的知識？從坊間七本廣為採用的相關教科書中發現：整體上，這些教科書表面上「去性別」，或預設「性別中立」，一致強調語文教學的技術性層面，同時，若非隱藏女性在文學界的貢獻，就是象徵性點到性別議題，案例當中則再製女性的刻板角色，且多為負面刻板。「閱讀教學」避開既有文獻對國小教科書內容的性別批判，又往往援引小學教科書文本當作案例加以說明，預設既有國小科書文本的正確性，無需進一步質疑或問題化。「說話教學」將重點擺在技術性方法，無視於語言與性別權力的關係。「作文教學」則著重在技術性文字、符號的用法，如何批改，與如何發展學童的創意，表象上無關性別，但是，作文舉例當中充斥性別歧視與刻板。本文因此倡議師資培育課程進行批判語文教育的必要性。
關鍵字 ｜
教科書分析、語文教育、師資培育、性別教育
Title ｜
Whose knowledge gets taught in elementary teacher education? Gender bias in college textbooks on Chinese language teaching.
Author ｜
Jau-jiun Hsiao(Department of Elementary Education,National Hualien Teachers College)
Abstract ｜
In this content analysis study, I explore the treatment of gender in seven textbooks on Chinese language teaching, widely used in elementary teacher education colleges. In general, these textbooks focus on teaching techniques and assume a-gender/ a-contextual stance. Female contributions in literature are mostly ignored. Among those rare examples concerning woman experience, sexist stereotypes prevail. In reading education, these college textbooks totally disregard vast majority of prior research on elementary school textbooks which often criticized their over representation of patriarchal ideology. In addition, these college textbooks directly use many examples from elementary school textbooks, without problemtizing their contents. In speech education, how male/female power relationship affects people’s speech behavior receives no attention. In composition education, emphases are on how to teach and evaluate students’ writings. How these writings reflect students’ gender socialization is left unnoticed. To demonstrate how Chinese language teaching can be a site for gender equity education, I propose the concept of critical literacies and present several examples to disrupt sexism in reading, speech, and composition education in preservice teacher education and also in elementary schools.
Keywords ｜
textbook, gender study, teacher education, Chinese language education, content analysis