作者 ｜
劉毓秀(台灣大學外國語文學系暨研究所教授)
摘要 ｜
將近二十年前，一部分台灣婦女運動人士開始在台灣推動師法北歐普及照顧制度及其民主組合決策機制。於此期間，北歐福利國家面臨來自內部與外部的重大挑戰，並因此而經歷劇烈的變革，造成制度模型、價值、效應的多重自相扞格；這對於台灣（以及其他國家）師法北歐之舉的理論層面與實踐層面，都增加很高的複雜度，但也拉開較大的可能性，因為新變革所帶來的新元素雖然有損普及福利模式的原有完整性，卻也使它與其他模式產生融合作用，變得比較容易想像與效法。影響前述變革之方向的主要力量之一為新公共管理，這套治理哲理與辦法已透過各種國際經貿協約而廣泛滲入當今舉世各國（包括我國）的制度與價值的紋理之中。對於北歐各國晚近力行新公共管理之效果的女性主義角度檢驗，也或許有助於我們覺察這套治理術對於台灣（女性）的影響。
關鍵字 ｜
性別平等，北歐普及照顧福利制度，充分就業，民主組合主義，新公共管理
Title ｜
Scandinavian Universal Care Policy and Recent Development: A Critical Review from Feminist Perspective
Author ｜
Yu-Hsiu Liu (Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures)
Abstract ｜
In Taiwan, approximately 20 years ago, some feminists began promoting the universalist care policy of the Scandinavian model, as well as its democratic corporatist mechanism of decision making. During this period, the Scandinavian welfare states faced internal and external challenges, experienced subtle and striking changes, and emerged in the new millennium as mixtures of different models with numerous contradictions. Paradoxically, this level of complexity has rendered the Scandinavian welfare states more imaginable and attainable to the rest of the world, although it has damaged the integrity of their original model . One of the primary forces behind these changes is new public management (NPM). NPM has become embedded into the values, as well as the economic and political systems of numerous countries (including Taiwan) through multilateral trade agreements. The feminist investigation of the influence of NPM on the Scandinavian model can help increase our understanding of the influence NPM has for Taiwanese women.
Keywords ｜
Scandinavian universal care policy, full employment, democratic corporatism, new public management, gender equality