作者 ｜
趙蕙鈴(東海大學社會學研究所博士班)
摘要 ｜
時至今日，每一個國家還是都面臨著不同內涵的生育問題。在古代，婦女的角色幾乎是被定著於生育。在現代社會裡，則認為婦女應該在生育問題上有選擇權，並且這也是打破性別不平等的重要一步。由此看來，人口生育一直對婦女的社會角色與社會地位有相當根本的影響。因此，本文試圖從『女人史』一書的一些基本觀點與分析素材為基礎，來討論人口生育對於性別角色與秩序的影響。首先，當我們將人口生育的問題還原到歷史脈絡來看時，可以更清楚地掌握到男性與女性的社會角色是如何被分派的。換言之，伴隨著人口生育而進行的性別秩序的建構，是社會整體的問題，也是為社會再生產負責。因而不全然是男性對女性的支配問題。進一步來說，人類面臨的生活世界，對於女性的社會地位有著相當深層的支配力。再者，從表層土來看，行使支配權者多為男性，但這並不意味著男人是完全支配女人的。因為為了保障社會能夠持續不斷地維持一定的生產力，男人如何為父親與女人如何為母親是同等重要的課題。因此任何社會性的建構是同時對兩性產生制約的。換言之，我們不能說性別秩序是立基於男人對女人的規範，而是整體社會對兩性的規範。從人口生育這個課題來說，這兩種觀點是『女人史』對性別關係的分析觀點之一。
關鍵字 ｜
人口生育、性別秩序、社會再生產
Title ｜
Demographic Reproduction and the Social Construction of Gender Order
Author ｜
Hui-lin Chao(Ph. D, Institute of Sociology, Tunghai University)
Abstract ｜
There are different kinds of problems in demographic reproduction for every state. In the ancient society, the Roman Law defined that the purpose of marriage as procreation, and the law stated that women should marry in order to make children. In the modern society, many believe that women should have the right to make decision about their procreation. This is an important step to break gender inequality. We know that the procreation effects the social roles and the status of women very deeply according to the perspectives of “A History of Women” (Vol.1-5). I want to discuss these issues of demographic reproduction and the social construction of gender order further.
Therefore, we should look into the social roles of male and female in the historical context. The construction of gender order under demographic reproduction depends on the social roles. This is a social issue, and it takes the responsibility for social reproduction. At this point, we could not say that it was the male domination. The human society has the power that dominantes the social status of women deeply. On the other hand, it looks like that male is more powerful than female, but it does not mean that male dominates female totally. Defining the male as the father and the female as the mother to ensure the continuity of social reproduction are equally important. These are some ofperspectives from this book.
Keywords ｜
demographic reproduction, gender order, social reproduction