作者 ｜
周月清(東吳大學社會工作系)
摘要 ｜
本研究目的在探討受虐婦女的兩種社會支持系統，是否對受虐婦女提供需要性的情緒上與實質上的幫助。兩種社會支持系統，其一為正式性社會支持，指專業性社會系統，包括法治、警察、醫療及社會服務;另一個是非正式性社會支持系統，指受虐婦女個人互動社會網絡，包括其家人、親戚、朋友、同事、及鄰居等。
研究包括二個過程:(1)針對受虐婦女探討其求助過程及其非正式性與正式性社會支持功能﹔(2)針對現階段各個提供受虐婦女有關服務之機構之服務方案予以探討及評估。
機構研究對象的取樣乃從書面資源名冊及滾雪球方法，針對臺灣現階段有關之所有婦女暴力服務之社服機構，以親自訪問或郵寄問卷予以普查。而受虐婦女之取樣，則由普查中受訪之機構提供。其得有效樣本受訪機構為52份及受虐婦女55名。本研究之工具包括兩份標準化之問卷，一份為針對受虐婦女設計之「受服務者評估問卷」及一份針對機構設計之「機構提供婚姻暴力服務現況評估問卷」。兩份問卷皆採閉鎖式與開放式問題進行收集量化與質化資料。
研究結果發現如下:
1.受虐婦女之初次求助對象偏向於向其非正式社會支持系統(75.0%)﹔其中以向娘家、朋友、同事求助頻率最高﹔其中就其曾求助之個人社會網絡系統以向其親戚、朋友、同事求助最有幫助;其幫助以情緒性支持為主，其次為提供住的地方、提供有關專業機構的資料、經濟補助、及夫妻調解等﹔受虐婦女中其向婆家求助者之經驗則極為負向。
2.受虐婦女對正式社會支持的求助來自於抱著試試看(28.3%)或缺乏非正式社會支持(45.7%)之情況﹔其中以向公私立社服人員求助最多，其對受虐婦女的幫助也最大;且也以情緒支持為主，其次為法律諮詢、心理輔導、提供有關專業機構的資料及電話諮詢。而對醫護人員、律師的介入，受訪受虐婦女不認為有幫助，對警察的介入也持悲觀想法。
3.從受訪受虐婦女之質化資料分析，受虐婦女服務需求反應，包括希望法律對婦女的不保護條文能予以修正，如半年內三張驗傷單證明及孩子監護權取得等;警察能及時介入制止暴力及提供受虐證據;及得到免費就醫與便民之驗傷單的取得;對社會服務需求則希望硬性與軟性服務兼具。
4.早在政府遷台(民國38年)當時就有機構方面提供此項服務，只是以家庭糾紛層面的勸和方式處理;截至目前，而這種非專業方式仍然存在非台北地區，尤其是鄉鎮區域的婦女會即為一例。
5.受訪機構以提供間接服務多於直接服務;而其中直接服務的對象又以提供受虐婦女之服務為最普遍(92.0%)、但少數機構提供施虐男人(24.0%)及目睹之兒童(24.0%)服務。
6.機構所提供之服務內容以轉介服務(9.4%)為最多，其次為心理輔導(9.2%)、婚姻諮商(7.8%)、有關資料提供(7.8%)、法律諮詢(7.1%)、其中子女托育服務(1.1%)、陪同上法庭(0.9%)及受虐者職訓(0.5%)是較為缺乏。
7.機構個案來源以案主自己來求助(23.4%)為最多，而由非正式社會支持系統轉介(41.1%)多於由正式社會支持系統的轉介(35.0%):非正式支持系統以朋友、同事(14.5%)、親戚(11.7%)及娘家(11.2%)轉介來約為最多;正式社會系統轉介大多集中在公私立社服機構(21.6%)。
8.受訪機構對相關正式系統如醫療、警政司法介入支持受虐婦女的反應上極為不肯定，如在醫療方面有78.8%認為醫療沒有介入，96.2%認為警察沒有介入，而在司法上則只有少部份認為法庭或律師會懲治施虐者(15.4%)。
9.從機構之質化資料分析，機構的服務措施仍只針對受虐婦女，而對施虐者治療服務苦於欠缺司法上的支持而一籌莫展，對目睹兒童之輔導仍待發展中。另外，機構對現階段其他專業系統的不支持很感挫折，如法律上對婦女不利的條文、缺乏警察及時的介入及驗傷單的不易取得等。
關鍵字 ｜
受虐婦女、施虐男人、目睹兒童、正式社會支持、非正式社會支持、介入服務
Title ｜
BATTERED WOMEN IN TAIWAN AND EVALUATION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
Author ｜
Yueh-ching Chou
Abstract ｜
The purpose of this study is to examine the adequacy of two social support systems–personal social networks (or informal social support) and formal social support–dealing with woman battering in Taiwan.
This study included two parts:(l) the study of the needs of battered women including their informal networks and formal social support systems; (2) the evaluation of effectiveness of the formal systems. The samples of the agencies were from the written resources handbook or introduced by the agencies which were recruited already ( snow-ball) in order to collect data from all of the agencies working with battered women in Taiwan. The samples of battered women were recruited from the informants of the agencies. There were 52 agencies and 55 battered women involved in the data analysis of this study. Two standardized questionnairs with closed and open-ended questions were utilized and data were gathered by interviewing or mailing.
The results of this study indicated that Chinese battered women were not apt to seek assistance from formal supportive systems. Instead, they were more likely to call upon their informal networks of family and friends for assistance. Besides, whenever they turned to seek their parents-in-law’s assistance, they experienced disappointment. Whenever the above women used formal systems, since they were discouraged to seek informal support; they learned of the agency’s services and programs more from their personal networking, which also serves as a source of referrals, than existing formal support systems. Moreover, women felt that the value orientation of services offered by the professionals involved in each case, such as medical doctors, police, or judges, were incompatible with their needs.
Keywords ｜
battered women, informal and formal social support